Website Hosting Technology 2021 (Illustrated)(Kobo/電子書)

Website Hosting Technology 2021 (Illustrated)

(All-In-One Website Platform: From Start-Up To Success)

This book is very very important to all small business owners and beginners. This book addresses the crucial issue of Web Hosting adoption by presenting the facts to move beyond general observation. The model underpinning this book has been used as a predictive decision tool, tracking thousands of innovations for over more than a decade. This is the first place to go for Web Hosting innovation.

We all know the importance of web hosting nowadays in businesses. And do not get surprised, even small and medium scale businesses have realized the worth, importance, and significance of web hosting solutions offered by various web hosting companies. It isn’t enough for them to have a functioning website in order to stay competitive. From the past few years, all trade transactions have been shifted online and small businesses have realized that it is crucial for the success of their company to choose the right web hosting provider. There has been huge competition and demand for web hosting services, therefore web-hosting companies provide various packages and services at affordable rates.

Shared hosting servers are mostly used for small businesses and start-ups. Shared hosting is a very common type of web hosting where the service provider hosts a lot more websites on one physical web server. Multiple sites are hosted on one server, and therefore it is less expensive and affordable for start-ups.

A web hosting service (often shortened to web host) is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for other servers located in their data center, called colocation, also known as Housing in Latin America or France.

Until 1991, the Internet was restricted to use only "... for research and education in the sciences and engineering ..." and was used for email, telnet, FTP, and USENET traffic—but only a tiny number of web pages. The World Wide Web protocols had only just been written[3][4] and not until the end of 1993 would there be a graphical web browser for Mac or Windows computers. Even after there was some opening up of internet access, the situation was confused until 1995.

To host a website on the internet, an individual or company would need their own computer or server. As not all companies had the budget or expertise to do this, web hosting services began to offer to host users websites on their own servers, without the client needing to own the necessary infrastructure required to operate the website. The owners of the websites, also called webmasters, would be able to create a website that would be hosted on the web hosting service's server and published to the web by the web hosting service. As the number of users on the World Wide Web grew, the pressure for companies, both large and small, to have an online presence grew. By 1995, companies such as GeoCities, Angelfire, and Tripod were offering free hosting.

Smaller hosting services

The most basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to subscribers. Individuals and organizations may also obtain Web page hosting from alternative service providers.

Free web hosting service is offered by different companies with limited services, sometimes supported by advertisements, and often limited when compared to paid hosting.

Single page hosting is generally sufficient for personal web pages. Personal website hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business website hosting often has a higher expense depending upon the size and type of the site.

Larger hosting services

Many large companies that are not Internet service providers need to be permanently connected to the web to send an email, files, etc. to other sites. The company may use the computer as a website host to provide details of their goods and services and facilities for online orders.

A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. ASP.NET, ColdFusion, Java EE, Perl/Plack, PHP, or Ruby on Rails). These facilities allow customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. Also, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is typically used for websites that wish to keep the data transmitted more secure.

Types of hosting

A typical server "rack" commonly seen in colocation centers

Internet hosting services can run Web servers. The scope of web hosting services varies greatly.

Shared web hosting service

One's website is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few sites to hundreds of websites. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU. The features available with this type of service can be quite basic and not flexible in terms of software and updates. Resellers often sell shared web hosting and web companies often have reseller accounts to provide hosting for clients.

Reseller web hosting

Allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of hosting, depending on who they are affiliated with as a reseller. Resellers' accounts may vary tremendously in size: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a colocated server. Many resellers provide a nearly identical service to their provider's shared hosting plan and provide the technical support themselves.

Virtual Dedicated Server

Also known as a Virtual Private Server (VPS), divides server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated in a way that does not directly reflect the underlying hardware. VPS will often be allocated resources based on one server to many VPSs relationships, however, virtualization may be done for a number of reasons, including the ability to move a VPS container between servers. The users may have root access to their own virtual space. Customers are sometimes responsible for patching and maintaining the server (unmanaged server) or the VPS provider may provide server admin tasks for the customer (managed server).

Dedicated hosting service

The user gets his or her own Web server and gains full control over it (user has root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user typically does not own the server. One type of dedicated hosting is self-managed or unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for dedicated plans. The user has full administrative access to the server, which means the client is responsible for the security and maintenance of his own dedicated server.

Managed hosting service

The user gets his or her own Web server but is not allowed full control over it (user is denied root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other remote management tools. The user is disallowed full control so that the provider can guarantee the quality of service by not allowing the user to modify the server or potentially create configuration problems. The user typically does not own the server. The server is leased to the client.

Colocation web hosting service

Similar to the dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the colo server; the hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of web hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client's machine, providing only the electrical, Internet access, and storage facilities for the server. In most cases for colo, the client would have his own administrator visit the data center on-site to do any hardware upgrades or changes. Formerly, many colocation providers would accept any system configuration for hosting, even ones housed in desktop-style mini tower cases, but most hosts now require rack mount enclosures and standard system configurations.

Cloud hosting

This is a new type of hosting platform that allows customers powerful, scalable, and reliable hosting based on clustered load-balanced servers and utility billing. A cloud-hosted website may be more reliable than alternatives since other computers in the cloud can compensate when a single piece of hardware goes down. Also, local power disruptions or even natural disasters are less problematic for cloud-hosted sites, as cloud hosting is decentralized. Cloud hosting also allows providers to charge users only for resources consumed by the user, rather than a flat fee for the amount the user expects they will use, or a fixed cost upfront hardware investment. Alternatively, the lack of centralization may give users less control over where their data is located which could be a problem for users with data security or privacy concerns. Cloud hosting users can request additional resources on-demand such as only during periods of peak traffic while offloading IT management to the cloud hosting service.

Clustered hosting

Having multiple servers hosting the same content for better resource utilization. Clustered servers are a perfect solution for high-availability dedicated hosting, or creating a scalable web hosting solution. A cluster may separate web serving from database hosting capability. (Usually, web hosts use clustered hosting for their shared hosting plans, as there are multiple benefits to the mass managing of clients).

Grid hosting

This form of distributed hosting is when a server cluster acts like a grid and is composed of multiple nodes.

Home server

Usually, a single machine placed in a private residence can be used to host one or more websites from a usually consumer-grade broadband connection. These can be purpose-built machines or more commonly old PCs. Some ISPs actively attempt to block home servers by disallowing incoming requests to TCP port 80 of the user's connection and by refusing to provide static IP addresses. A common way to attain a reliable DNS hostname is by creating an account with a dynamic DNS service. A dynamic DNS service will automatically change the IP address that a URL points to when the IP address changes.

The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts, as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. A web server that does not use a control panel for managing the hosting account, is often referred to as a "headless" server. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce, blogs, etc.).

Reliability and uptime

The availability of a website is measured by the percentage of a year in which the website is publicly accessible and reachable via the Internet. This is different from measuring the uptime of a system. Uptime refers to the system itself being online. Uptime does not take into account being able to reach it as in the event of a network outage.[citation needed] A hosting provider's Service Level Agreement (SLA) may include a certain amount of scheduled downtime per year in order to perform maintenance on the systems. This scheduled downtime is often excluded from the SLA timeframe and needs to be subtracted from the Total Time when availability is calculated. Depending on the wording of an SLA, if the availability of a system drops below that in the signed SLA, a hosting provider often will provide a partial refund for time lost. How downtime is determined changes from provider to provider, therefore reading the SLA is imperative. Not all providers release uptime statistics. Most hosting providers will guarantee at least 99.9% uptime which will allow for 43m of downtime per month, or 8h 45m of downtime per year. Source: Wikipedia

Kobo 電子書 購買注意事項如下:

(一)如果您是第一次購買Kobo電子書的顧客，請依以下兩種購買方式擇一進行綁定：

1.PChome 24h 網頁版(https://24h.pchome.com.tw/)：結帳後至顧客中心，確認訂單狀態，若為確認中，請稍候五分鐘，待訂單狀態變為訂單成立後，點選明細，在訂單資訊中點選〔內容〕，在彈跳視窗後點選〔去兌換〕，即可前往Kobo官網執行綁定及登入流程。

我的訂單/顧客中心 >訂單查詢> 訂單編號> 點選明細 > 訂單資訊 點選〔內容〕>彈跳視窗 點選〔去兌換〕即可前往Kobo官網執行綁定及登入流程。

2.PChome APP版：結帳後至顧客中心，確認訂單狀態，若為確認中，請稍候五分鐘，待訂單狀態變為訂單成立後，點選明細，在訂單資訊中點選[序號/軟體下載]，並在彈跳視窗出現後點選〔下載連結〕，即可前往Kobo官網執行綁定及登入流程。

顧客中心> 訂單查詢> 訂單編號> 點選明細 > 訂單資訊 點選 [序號/軟體下載] >彈跳視窗 點選〔下載連結〕即可前往Kobo官網執行綁定及登入流程。

*進入Kobo官網後的綁定流程請參考如下：

（使用Kobo主帳號 登入/註冊）
1. 當您在PChome 24h 網頁版(https://24h.pchome.com.tw/)/PChome APP版，購買確認後，並依步驟跳轉到Kobo官網時，下滑點選〔更多登錄選項〕，由〔PChome〕後點選進入，同意後登入，並可以註冊Kobo主帳號進行綁定，完成後，所購買的書籍即會出現在Kobo APP/Kobo 閱讀器/Kobo官網內的我的書籍。

（使用快速登入：FACEBOOK、GOOGLE、APPLE帳號登入）
2. 當您在PChome 24h 網頁版(https://24h.pchome.com.tw/)/PChome APP版，購買確認後，並依指示跳轉到Kobo官網時，點選〔FACEBOOK、GOOGLE、APPLE帳號登入〕擇一登入，同意後登入，並可以註冊Kobo主帳號進行綁定，完成後，所購買的書籍即會出現在Kobo APP/Kobo 閱讀器/Kobo官網內的我的書籍。

(二)如果您是已經完成PChome與Kobo帳號綁定程序，非第一次購買Kobo電子書的顧客

1.PChome 24h 網頁版(https://24h.pchome.com.tw/)：結帳後至顧客中心，確認訂單狀態，若為確認中，請稍候五分鐘，待訂單狀態變為訂單成立後，點選明細，在訂單資訊中點選〔內容〕，在彈跳視窗後點選〔去兌換〕，所購買的書籍即會出現在Kobo APP/Kobo 閱讀器/Kobo官網內的我的書籍。

2.PChome APP版：結帳後至顧客中心，確認訂單狀態，若為確認中，請稍候五分鐘，待訂單狀態變為訂單成立後，點選明細，在訂單資訊中點選[序號/軟體下載]，並在彈跳視窗出現後點選〔下載連結〕，所購買的書籍即會出現在Kobo APP/Kobo 閱讀器/Kobo官網內的我的書籍。

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